What Happens with a Flare-up?

Lung infections and airway irritations cause an increase in the symptoms of COPD:

• Increased coughing and mucus production
• Change in mucus color and shortness of breath, possibly with wheezing

Flare-ups (the medical term is exacerbations) are the result of lung infections or irritation. The increased amount of mucus decreases the lungs’ ability to clear the mucus, and airflow becomes more obstructed (airflow slows down). As the FEV1 falls, emergency room visits and hospitalization are more likely to be used.

Dangers of Flare-ups

A flare-up can be life-threatening and early action is needed to stop the flare-up before it becomes deadly. It is important to avoid situations that increase your chances of getting an infection such as crowded malls and places where people are coughing and sneezing.

You need to be aware of changes in your “normal” condition and immediately report any signs of a flare-up to your doctor. Remember some flare-ups come on quickly and others slowly develop so don’t delay making the call to your doctor. Quick reaction to flare-ups could greatly reduce the risk of deadly complications.

Events and Symptoms That Are Often Seen with Flare-Ups

• Increased shortness of breath
• Not feeling well. Your usual daily activities may be more tiring and require more physical effort.
• Increased amount of your ‘normal’ mucus production. It may also be thicker and greenish in color.
• Recent viral or bacterial infection
• Wheezing
• Exposure to high pollution levels
• Exposure to irritants: chemicals, smoke, dust, etc.
• Fever

Treatment of Flare-ups  

Although about 30% of flare-ups are viral infections, antibiotics are used when signs and symptoms of a flare-up are present. Changes in your routine bronchodilator therapy may be necessary until the flare-up is under control. Finally, corticoid steroid (orally or inhaled) may be used to control the inflammation in the airways.